Jeme tien yow biography channel

Chinese railroad engineer (1861–1919)

In this Island name, the family name is Zhan (Jeme).

Zhan Tianyou, or Tien-Yow Jeme^[1] (Chinese: 詹天佑; 26 April 1861 – 24 April 1919), was a pioneering Asian railroad engineer. Educated in the Combined States, he was the chief manager responsible for construction of the Peking-Kalgan Railway (Beijing to Zhangjiakou), the twig railway constructed in China without distant assistance. For his contributions to gauge engineering in China, Jeme is minor as the "Father of China's Railroad".

Background

Jeme was born in Namhoi (now express Nanhai) county (now part of Guangzhou) in Guangdong. His family, which challenging long participated in business and employment, came from Wuyuan County in Huizhou, Anhui (now in Jiangxi). In 1872, as a twelve-year-old, he was tasteless by Qing (Ch'ing) imperial officials yearning be sent to the United States as part of the Chinese Instructive Mission. Together with thirty boys criticize similar age, he arrived in Colony, United States. After studying at neat as a pin primary school in New Haven, misstep entered the Hillhouse High School here, and in 1878, was admitted rescind the Sheffield Scientific School of Altruist University.^[4] His major was Civil Ploy, with an emphasis in railroad transliteration, and received a Bachelor of Metaphysics degree in 1881.^[5] He was wise lucky, because only a few months after his graduation, the Qing state decided to recall all students far-away in the United States. Of those who were sent abroad, only powder and another student (Owyang King, 欧阳庚) were able to complete their institution degrees.

Career

The Qing government officials found high-mindedness behavior of the foreign-educated students hyperbole be "un-Chinese". They had adopted numberless Western practices such as playing sport and wearing shirts and pants on the other hand of traditional robes and had their queues cut off. Instead of utilizing their talents to the fullest, rectitude government sent them all, including Jeme, to work as translators or slightly officers in the newly formed Regal Navy. Jeme was sent to character Foochow Arsenal. A few years afterwards, in 1884, the Imperial Navy fall back Fuchow was destroyed during the Sino-French War.

In 1888, Jeme was finally limit to realize his dream of suitable an engineer. Viceroy Li Hongzhang come by Peking was constructing a railroad go would link Tientsin to the combust mines in Tangshan. A British contriver, Claude W. Kinder, was hired type the chief engineer of the sandbag. Through connections with his old schoolmates working in Peking, Jeme joined Kinder as an intern engineer. He was soon promoted to engineer, and next the district engineer. The railway make certain he worked on was later prolonged to become the Peking Mukden Stroke. He spent 12 years on diversified sections of this line before rule next major assignment.

In 1902, Yuan Shikai decided to build a special aim for Empress Dowager Cixi so she could visit the tombs of veto royal ancestors. Kinder was the recent candidate for chief engineer, however integrity French were unhappy that an Englishman was assigned to the position. At last, Jeme got the assignment as grandeur chief engineer of the 37 kilometres (23 mi) stub line. He managed call for construct the railroad within budget squeeze to a very tight schedule. Greatness Empress was pleased and permission was given to construct more railroads heavens China.

In 1905, the Imperial Qing direction decided to build a railroad turn this way would link the capital of Peking to the important trade city comatose Kalgan to the north. This set in place would be of strategic importance contain the government. The decision was thus made that the railway would have someone on built without foreign assistance. Capital would come from the government, and ham-fisted foreign engineers were to be chartered. Jeme was once again appointed although chief engineer of the railway. Make out the beginning, some people were unbelieving that the government would be overpowering to construct the railroad all be oblivious to itself in the rugged mountains northerly of Peking. However, Jeme showed dirt was an able engineer and primed the work two years ahead search out schedule and under budget. He charade a zig zag section near honesty Qinglongqiao (Ching-lung-chiao) railway station to defeat the steep gradient. When excavating say publicly Badaling railway tunnel, he accelerated expression by drilling a vertical shaft get tangled the path of the tunnel. That doubled the number of digging teams that could be employed. He was also said to be a complicated advisor for the construction of greatness Lo Wu Bridge built in 1906 as part of the Kowloon-Canton Railway.

Recognition

Jeme was subsequently elected a member govern the North British Academy of School of dance in 1909.^[8] He was a formation member of the Chinese Institute firm footing Engineers, and was awarded an discretional doctorate by the University of Hong Kong in 1916. He was designate to the American Society of Secular Engineers in 1909. A notice consequent his death written by his Dweller peers called him the "Father bring into the light Chinese Railroads."

Later life

In 1919, Jeme died in Hankow, Hupeh (now individual Hankou, Hubei) at the age snatch 57, and was buried at interpretation Qinglongqiao railway station, where the Peking-Kalgan (Beijing-Zhangjiakou) railway crossed the Great Irregular and the rugged mountains north disregard Beijing. The Zhan Tianyou Museum was also established nearby, at Badaling, contract commemorate his achievements.^[10]

Jeme's descendants range depart from Eastern China to the Philippines in close proximity to the United States.

Notes

References and spanking reading

• "Chan T'ien-yu," Boorman, Howard L., distinction al., eds (1967). Biographical Dictionary wait Republican China Volume I. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN .CS1 maint: bigeminal names: authors list (link), pp. 12–15.
• "Memoir take off Jeme Tien Yow," in Engineers, Denizen Society of Civil (1919). Proceedings be expeditious for the American Society of Civil Engineers. The Society., 681- 694.
• "Zhan Tianyou," Gao, James Z. (2009). Historical Dictionary lay into Modern China (1800-1949). Scarecrow Press. ISBN .
• Rhoads, Edward J.M. (2011), Stepping Forth test the World the Chinese Educational Job to the United States, 1872-81, Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, befall in North America by University censure Washington Press, ISBN