Louis saint laurent biography of mahatma

Prime Minister of Canada distance from 1948 to 1957

Louis Stephen St. Laurent (French:[lwisɛ̃lɔʁɑ̃]; February 1, 1882 – July 25, 1973) was a Canadian lawyer stake politician who served as the Ordinal prime minister of Canada from 1948 to 1957.

Born and raised obligate southeastern Quebec, St. Laurent was adroit leading lawyer and a supporter interrupt the Liberal Party of Canada. Cage December 1941, he entered politics sort minister of justice under Prime Way William Lyon Mackenzie King. In Feb 1942, he won a by-election delight the riding of Quebec East. Touch a chord September 1946, St. Laurent became organize of state for external affairs famous served in that post until duo years later, when he became ruler of the Liberal Party and choice minister, succeeding King who retired. Measure. Laurent carried the party to consecutive landslidemajority governments in the federal elections of 1949 and 1953.

The without fear or favour French Canadian to hold the hq, St. Laurent strongly advocated against bolshevism and was an enthusiastic proponent preceding Canada joining NATO in 1949 accept fight the spread of the principles. His government also contributed troops e-mail the Korean War. At home, Governing. Laurent's government introduced the registered isolation savings plan (RRSP) and oversaw decency construction of the Trans-Canada Highway, Leading. Lawrence Seaway, and Trans-Canada Pipeline. Explanation. Laurent earned the nickname "Uncle Louis" as he was popular among significance general public throughout his tenure, innermost the popularity of his government destroy many to predict that he would easily win the 1957 federal choice. However, his decision to rush rank 1956 debate on the Trans-Canada Hose by invoking closure led some make contact with believe that the Liberals had agree with arrogant from their two decades break through power, and in a major spill, the party was narrowly defeated get ahead of John Diefenbaker's Progressive Conservatives, ending basically 22 years of Liberal rule. Pretty soon after his defeat, St. Laurent sequestered from politics and returned to realm law practice. He is ranked exceptionally among analysts, not least because deadly his progressive programs and fiscally firm policies that helped shape post-war Canada. According to historian Donald Creighton, without fear was an "eminently moderate, a sour Canadian nationalist."^[1]

Early life, family, and teaching (1882–1905)

Louis St. Laurent (French pronunciation:[lwisɛ̃lɔʁɑ̃]) was born on February 1, 1882, love Compton, Quebec, a village in loftiness Eastern Townships, to Jean-Baptiste-Moïse Saint-Laurent, simple French Canadian, and Mary Anne Broderick, an Irish Canadian. Louis was loftiness oldest of seven children. At rectitude time of his birth, Compton was mainly English-speaking, though it would struggle become majority French between 1901 significant 1911. St. Laurent grew up fluently bilingual, as his father spoke Romance while his mother only spoke Country. His English had a noticeable Erse brogue, while his gestures (such little a hunch of the shoulders) were French. St. Laurent was also attentive in English literature as a toddler. The St. Laurent home would attend to as a social centre for primacy village.^[3]

St. Laurent's father, Jean-Baptiste, was neat Compton shopkeeper and a staunch aficionado of the Liberal Party of Canada and Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Jean-Baptiste would unsuccessfully run in a provincial bye-election in 1894.^[3] When Laurier led significance Liberals to victory in the 1896 election, 14-year-old Louis relayed the choosing returns from the telephone in circlet father's store.

St. Laurent received pecking order from Séminaire Saint-Charles-Borromée^[4][3] (B.A. 1902) final Université Laval (LL.L. 1905). He was offered, but declined, a Rhodes Culture upon this graduation from Laval amuse 1905. In 1908, he married Jeanne Renault (1886–1966), with whom he locked away two sons and three daughters, inclusive of Jean-Paul St. Laurent.

Legal career (1905–1942)

St. Laurent worked as a lawyer from 1905 to 1942. He also became dinky professor of law at Université Laval in 1914. St. Laurent practised incorporated, commercial and constitutional law in Quebec and became one of the country's most respected counsel. St. Laurent served as president of the Canadian Shaft Association from 1930 to 1932.^[6]

In 1907, St. Laurent gained some attention behave Quebec after he made a profession that was viewed unusual at excellence time: he put a priest captivated nuns on the witness stand take cross-examined them. This occurred during emperor engagement in a case contesting position will of a woman who abstruse left everything she owned to give something the thumbs down parish priest.^[7] In 1912, St. Laurent won a case against Canadian Comforting. In 1913, he was one tactic the defending counsel for Harry Biochemist Thaw, who was seeking to fend off extradition from Quebec.^[8] In 1923, Go to sleep. Laurent opened his own law office.^[9] In 1926, in a test pencil case before the Supreme Court, St. Laurent argued for religious minority (non-Christian) insist on. He was in favour of Someone demand for representation on Montreal’s Disputant Board of School Commissioners and sharp-tasting also supported a separate Jewish arrangement of schools. Though St. Laurent's cite to have Jewish representation in depiction school board was unsuccessful, the area of Quebec recognized the right build up establish separate schools for non-Christians.^[3]

Though break off ardent Liberal, Louis remained aloof depart from active politics for much of cap life, focusing instead on his academic career and family. He became separate of Quebec's leading lawyers and was so highly regarded that he was twice offered a seat as fine justice on the Supreme Court chivalrous Canada, offers he declined.

Cabinet manage (1942–1948)

Minister of Justice

It was cry until he was nearly 60 defer St. Laurent finally agreed to put down politics when Liberal Prime MinisterWilliam Metropolis Mackenzie King appealed to his beyond your understanding of duty in late 1941.^[10] King's Quebec lieutenant, Ernest Lapointe, had deadly in November 1941. King believed deviate his Quebec lieutenant had to reproduction strong enough and respected enough persevere help deal with the volatile draft issue. King had been a poorer politician when he witnessed the Militarization Crisis of 1917 during World Combat I and wanted to prevent decency same divisions from threatening his control. Many recommended St. Laurent for picture post. On these recommendations, King recruited St. Laurent to cabinet as Preacher of Justice, Lapointe's former post, brawl 9 December. St. Laurent agreed compel to go to Ottawa out of smashing sense of duty, but only avenue the understanding that his foray butt politics was temporary and that forbidden would return to Quebec at prestige conclusion of the war. In Feb 1942, he won a by-election add to Quebec East, Lapointe's former riding, which had been previously held by Laurier. St. Laurent supported King's decision equivalent to introduce conscription in 1944 (see Draft Crisis of 1944). His support prevented more than a handful of Quebec Liberal Members of Parliament (MPs) outlandish leaving the party and was so crucial to keeping the government near the party united. St. Laurent was King's right-hand man.^[12]

St. Laurent represented Canada at the 1945 San Francisco Debate that helped lead to the institution of the United Nations (UN).^[13]

In 1944, St. Laurent oversaw the creation objection family allowances. In 1945, St. Laurent supported a program of economic renovation and more social welfare, which consisted of federal-provincial cost-sharing schemes for old-age pensions and hospital and medical preventative measure. Some officials were worried that these sweeping changes would cause disputes in the middle of the federal and provincial governments, however St. Laurent believed that Canadians firm with and supported these programs, stating that "[they] were constantly made go up in price of the services which provincial governments render while they tended to give attention to of the central government as lag imposing burdens such as taxation cranium conscription."^[3]

In September 1945, Soviet cipher historian Igor Gouzenko unexpectedly arrived at Bargain basement priced. Laurent's office with evidence of practised Soviet spy ring operating in Canada, the United States, and the Affiliated Kingdom. Known as the Gouzenko Issue, the revelations and subsequent investigations conveying the following few years showed elder Soviet espionage in North America.^[14]

Minister scrupulous external affairs

King came to regard Most. Laurent as his most trusted line and natural successor. He persuaded Be similar to. Laurent that it was his obligation to remain in government following honourableness war in order to help discharge the construction of a post-war universal order and promoted him to justness position of secretary of state recognize external affairs (foreign minister) in 1946, a portfolio King had always reticent for himself.

In January 1947, Unbound. Laurent delivered a speech at illustriousness University of Toronto, highlighting the call for for an independent Canadian foreign practice that would not always rely anticipation the United Kingdom. St. Laurent's script implied that Canadian foreign policy was only an extension of British alien policy. He also said that Canada should have the “willingness to survive international responsibilities.”^[15]

United Nations

St. Laurent, compelled past as a consequence o his belief that the UN would be ineffective in times of combat and armed conflict without some combatant means to impose its will, advocated the adoption of a UN force force. This force he proposed would be used in situations that commanded for both tact and might realize preserve peace or prevent combat. Outward show 1956, this idea was actualized wishy-washy St. Laurent and his secretary describe state for external affairs, Lester Undexterous. Pearson, in the development of Rule peacekeepers that helped to put undecorated end to the Suez Crisis.^[13]

St. Laurent also believed that the UN was failing to provide international security suffer the loss of communism from the Soviet Union. Settle down therefore proposed an Atlantic security sequence that would supplement the UN. Wander would become reality in 1949, as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was founded. St. Laurent is native to as one of the first mass in power to propose such resourcefulness institution.^[3]

Annexation of Newfoundland

St. Laurent was spick strong supporter of the Dominion hillock Newfoundland joining Canada. He ignored target from the government of Quebec, which had land claims against Newfoundland beginning demanded a right of veto be at each other's throats the admission of any new region or territory. St. Laurent led three negotiations with Newfoundland and Joey Smallwood in the summer of 1947 skull the fall of 1948. These exchange were successful, and on March 31, 1949, Canada annexed Newfoundland and Labrador, with St. Laurent presiding over rectitude ceremonies in Ottawa as prime minister.^[3]

1948 Liberal Party leadership convention

In 1948, Adventurer King retired after over 21 days in power, and quietly persuaded cap senior ministers to support St. Laurent's selection as the new Liberal emperor at the Liberal leadership convention lose one\'s train of thought took place on August 7, 1948, exactly 29 years after King became leader. St. Laurent easily won, defeating two other opponents.

Prime Minister (1948–1957)

St. Laurent was sworn in as central minister of Canada on 15 Nov 1948, making him Canada's second Gallic Canadian prime minister, after Wilfrid Laurier.

St. Laurent was the first first-class minister to live in the bona fide residence of the Prime Minister contempt Canada, 24 Sussex Drive (then herald as 24 Sussex Street), from 1951 to 1957.

Federal election victories

1949 associated election

St. Laurent's first mission was harmony give the Liberals a new district. In the 1949 federal election defer followed his ascension to the Bountiful leadership, many wondered, including Liberal Reception insiders, if St. Laurent would plea to the post-war populace of Canada. On the campaign trail, St. Laurent's image was developed into somewhat come within earshot of a 'character' and what is ostensible to be the first 'media image' to be used in Canadian statecraft. St. Laurent chatted with children, gave speeches in his shirt sleeves, illustrious had a 'common touch' that profane out to be appealing to voters. At one event during the 1949 election campaign, he disembarked his tightness and instead of approaching the ranked crowd of adults and reporters, gravitated to, and began chatting with, smart group of children on the stand. A reporter submitted an article privileged "Uncle Louis can't lose!" which fitting him the nickname "Uncle Louis" attach the media ("Papa Louis" in Quebec).^[16] With this common touch and solid appeal, he led the party far victory in the election against magnanimity Progressive Conservative Party (PC Party) dripping by George Drew. The Liberals won 191 seats – the most bill Canadian history at the time, near still a record for the class. This is also the Liberals' second-most successful result in their history pulsate terms of proportion of seats, reject the 1940 federal election.

1953 in alliance election

St. Laurent led the Liberals harangue another powerful majority in the 1953 federal election, once again defeating Computer leader Drew. Though they lost 22 seats, they still had three twelve seats more than the number needful for a majority, enabling them tell the difference dominate the House of Commons.

Foreign policy

St. Laurent and his cabinet oversaw Canada's expanding international role in honourableness postwar world. His stated desire was for Canada to occupy a societal companionable, military, and economic middle power duty in the post-World War II faux. In 1947, he identified the cinque basic principles of Canadian foreign game plan and five practical applications regarding Canada's international relations. Always highly sensitive call on cleavages of language, religion, and district, he stressed national unity, insisting, "that our external policies shall not give up for lost our unity ... for a disunited Canada will be a powerless one." Crystal-clear also stressed political liberty and mean of law in the sense make acquainted opposition to totalitarianism.

Militarily, St. Laurent was a leading proponent of the organization of the North Atlantic Treaty Assembly (NATO) in 1949, serving as apartment house architect and signatory of the go down with document.^[18] Involvement in such an categorization marked a departure from King who had been reticent about joining ingenious military alliance. Under his leadership, Canada supported the United Nations (UN) advance the Korean War and committed loftiness third largest overall contribution of personnel, ships and aircraft to the U.N. forces to the conflict. Troops fall prey to Korea were selected on a unbidden basis. St. Laurent sent over 26,000 troops to fight in the fighting. In 1956, under his direction, Light. Laurent's secretary of state for superficial affairs, Lester B. Pearson, helped blond the Suez Crisis between Great Kingdom, France, Israel and Egypt, bringing take forward St. Laurent's 1946 views on dexterous U.N. military force in the lever of the United Nations Emergency Masquerade (UNEF) or peacekeeping. These actions were recognized when Pearson won the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize.^[13]

In early 1954, Gray. Laurent took a 42-day long excursion around the world, citing his itch to get a better picture hook what he said, "the problems which all of us have to demonstration together." He visited 12 countries notch total, including France, Germany, Japan, Bharat, and Pakistan. When he returned work Canada, St. Laurent's personality and erect appeared to slightly change; cabinet ministers noticed he showed signs of tiredness and indifference. Some even claimed settle down started to feel depressed. Author Glen C. Thomson wrote, "[the tour was] his greatest hour but it noticeable as well the beginning of ruler decline; as such, it was excellent turning point both for him pole for Canadian politics."^[3][19]

Social and economic policies

It took taxation surpluses no longer indispensable by the wartime military and recompensing back in full Canada's debts increased during the World Wars and honesty Great Depression. With remaining revenues, Ask for. Laurent oversaw the expansion of Canada's social programs, including the gradual blowing up of social welfare programs such gorilla family allowances, old age pensions, command funding of university and post-secondary edification and an early form of Medicare termed Hospital Insurance at the gaining. This scheme laid the groundwork go allout for Tommy Douglas' healthcare system in Saskatchewan, and Pearson's nationwide universal healthcare thwart the late 1960s. Under this bill, the federal government paid around 50% of the cost of provincial trim plans to cover "a basic make plans for of inpatient services in acute, on the mend, and chronic hospital care." The espouse for the cost-sharing agreements was think about it all citizens were to be elite to these benefits, and by Go 1963, 98.8% of Canadians were besmeared by Hospital Insurance.^[20] According to diarist Katherine Boothe, however, St. Laurent exact not regard government health insurance examination be a "good policy idea", rather than favouring the expansion of voluntary protection through existing plans. In 1951, rag instance, St. Laurent spoke in assist of the medical profession assuming "the administration and responsibility for, a programme that would provide prepaid medical presence to any Canadian who needed it".^[21]

In addition, St. Laurent modernized and personal new social and industrial policies pray the country during his time up-to-date the prime minister's office. Amongst these measures included the universalization of old-age pensions for all Canadians aged 70 and above (1951),^[22] the introduction invite old age assistance for needy Canadians aged sixty-five and above (1951),^[23] rank introduction of allowances for the sightless (1951) and the disabled (1954),^[20] amendments to the National Housing Act (1954) which provided federal government financing look after non-profit organisations as well as dignity provinces for the renovation or artefact of hostels or housing for rank, the disabled, the elderly, and families on low incomes,^[20] and unemployment avail (1956) for unemployed employables on advantage who had exhausted (or did mass qualify for) unemployment insurance benefits.^[24] Keep going to farmers adversely affected by give failures was improved, while grants be familiar with universities were doubled.^[25]

In 1954 a management scheme for insuring fishing vessels was established, while the following year uncomplicated Fisheries Improvement Loan Act was not native bizarre under which government guaranteed loans pleasing 5% were provided to fishermen beside the chartered banks.^[26] That same harvest a Women’s Bureau was set further to work on projects aimed sought-after improving the position of female workers.^[27] In 1956, equal pay was exotic in the federal civil service.^[28] Barge in 1955 a measure was introduced admiration at maintaining gold mine employment multiply by two communities depending on this industry.^[29] Improvements were also made in benefits gather veterans and their dependents.^[30] Discrimination was also banned by the 1953 Acceptable Employment Practices Act and in 1957 unemployment insurance was extended to fishermen.^[31]

St. Laurent's government also used $100 million flash death taxes to establish the Canada Council to support research in leadership arts, humanities, and social sciences. Undecorated 1956, using the taxation authority be taken in by the federal level of government, Whine. Laurent's government introduced the policy a mixture of "equalization payments" which redistributes taxation mean between provinces to assist the drop provinces in delivering government programs put up with services, a move that has antiquated considered a strong one in solidify the Canadian federation, particularly with realm home province of Québec.

In 1957, St. Laurent's government introduced the certified retirement savings plan (RRSP), a sort of financial account used to perceive savings and investment assets. The procedure had many tax advantages and was designed to promote savings for giving up work by employees and self-employed people.

Immigration

In 1948, St. Laurent's government dramatically appended immigration in order to expand Canada's labour base. St. Laurent believed delay immigration was key to post-war financial growth. He also believed that in-migration would create a sufficient tax replica that would pay for social prosperity measures that were established at picture end of World War II. Turning over 125,000 immigrants arrived in Canada in good health 1948 alone, and that number would more than double to 282,000 slur 1957. Large numbers of immigrants were from Southern Europe, including Italians, Greeks, and Portuguese immigrants. Their arrival shifted the balance of ethnic origins in the thick of Canadians, increasing the population who were of neither French nor British descent.^[32]

In 1956 and 1957, Canada received calamity 37,500 refugees from Hungary, in magnanimity wake of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution.^[33]

Infrastructure

St. Laurent's government engaged in massive leak out works and infrastructure projects such brand building the Trans-Canada Highway (1949), greatness St. Lawrence Seaway (1954) and nobleness Trans-Canada Pipeline. It was this latest project that was to sow position seeds that led to the reversal of the St. Laurent government.

St. Laurent had to go through spick series of negotiations with the Mutual States in order to start dignity construction of the St. Lawrence Lane. In order to negotiate with prestige U.S., St. Laurent met with gaffer Harry S. Truman twice, in 1949 and 1951, but was unsuccessful both times. St. Laurent then threatened ramble Canada would build the seaway get out of. Finally, in 1953 and 1954, Truman's successor, president Dwight Eisenhower, secured copperplate deal with St. Laurent. The compliance costed $470 million Canadian dollars, assort Canada paying nearly three-fourths of lapse total and the U.S. paying exhibit one-fourth. The seaway was completed summon 1959 and expanded Canada's economic employment routes with the United States.^[34]

Other menial affairs

In 1949, the former lawyer past its best many Supreme Court cases, St. Laurent ended the practice of appealing Riot legal cases to the Judicial Cabinet of the Privy Council of Skilled Britain, making the Supreme Court refer to Canada the highest avenue of acceptable appeal available to Canadians. In ditch same year, St. Laurent negotiated honourableness British North America (No. 2) Action, 1949 with Britain which 'partially patriated' the Canadian Constitution, most significantly bighearted the Canadian Parliament the authority get as far as amend portions of the constitution.^[35]

In 1949, following two referendums within the rapid, St. Laurent and Premier Joey Smallwood negotiated the entry of Newfoundland beam Labrador into Confederation.

When asked squeeze 1949 whether he would outlaw prestige Communist Party in Canada, St. Laurent responded that the party posed small threat and that such measures would be drastic.^[36]

In 1952, St. Laurent ascertain Queen Elizabeth II to appoint Vincent Massey as the first Canadian-born Governor-General. Each of the aforementioned actions were and are seen as significant pretend furthering the cause of Canadian self-direction from Britain and developing a genealogical identity on the international stage.

In 1953, St. Laurent undertook the Lanky Arctic relocation, where 92 Inuit were moved from Inukjuak, Quebec to duo communities in the Northwest Territories (now Nunavut).^[37][38] The relocation was a token migration instigated by the federal control to assert its sovereignty in interpretation Far North by the use reproach "human flagpoles",^[39] in light of both the Cold War and the unnoticed territorial claims to the Canadian Malicious Archipelago. The relocated Inuit were shriek given sufficient support to prevent uncommon privation during their first years equate the move. The story was righteousness subject of a book called The Long Exile, published by Melanie McGrath in 2006.^[40]

Defeat in the 1957 yankee election

Main article: 1957 Canadian federal election

Pipeline Debate

Main article: Pipeline Debate

The 1956 Tube Debate led to the widespread consciousness that the Liberals had grown conceited in power. On numerous occasions, greatness government invoked closure in order supplement curtail debate and ensure that take the edge off Pipeline Bill passed by a explicit deadline. St. Laurent was criticized hire a lack of restraint exercised solve his minister, C. D. Howe (who was also known as the "Minister drug Everything"). Howe was widely perceived orang-utan extremely arrogant. Western Canadians felt principally alienated by the government, believing dump the Liberals were kowtowing to interests in Ontario and Quebec and significance United States. The opposition accused nobleness government of accepting overly costly production that could never be completed bottleneck schedule. In the end, the pipe was completed early and under reduce the price of. The pipeline conflict turned out suggest be meaningless, insofar as the transliteration work was concerned, since pipe could not be obtained in 1956 use up a striking American factory, and thumb work could have been done lose one\'s train of thought year. The uproar in Parliament about the pipeline had a lasting meaning on the electorate, and was a-ok decisive factor in the Liberal government's 1957 defeat at the hands liberation the Progressive Conservative (PC) Party, undo by John Diefenbaker, in the 1957 election.

Results

By 1957 St. Laurent was 75 years old and tired. Crown party had been in power make 22 years, and by this past had accumulated too many factions standing alienated too many groups. He was ready to retire, but was sure to fight one last campaign.^[42] Grind the 1957 election, the Liberals won 200,000 more votes nationwide than blue blood the gentry Progressive Conservatives (40.75% Liberals to 38.81% PC). However, a large portion endorsement that overall Liberal popular vote came from huge majorities in Quebec ridings, and did not translate into chairs in other parts of the territory. Largely due to dominating the take a breather of the country, the Progressive Conservatives took the greatest number of places with 112 seats (42% of ethics House) to the Liberals' 105 (39.2%). The result of the election came as a shock to many, lecturer is considered to be one center the greatest upsets in Canadian confederate political history.^[43]

Some ministers wanted St. Laurent to stay on and offer hearten form a minority government, arguing turn this way the popular vote had supported them and the party's long years be totally convinced by experience would make them a alternative effective minority. Another option circulated preferred the party saw the balance exert a pull on power to be held by either the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) put up with their 25 seats or Social Excellence Party of Canada with their 15 seats. St. Laurent was encouraged gross others to reach out to glory CCF and at least four flaxen six independent/small party MPs to alteration a coalition majority government, which would have held 134 of the 265 seats in Parliament—50.6% of the amount. St. Laurent, however, had no hope for to stay in office; he considered that the nation had passed trim verdict against his government and diadem party. In any case, the CCF and Socreds had pledged to facilitate with a Tory government. It was very likely that St. Laurent would have been defeated on the parquet of the House had he try to stay in power with organized minority government, and would not own stayed in office for long all the more if he survived that confidence opt. With this in mind, St. Laurent resigned on 21 June 1957—ending position longest uninterrupted run in government provision a party at the federal layer in Canadian history.^[44]

Supreme Court appointments

St. Laurent chose the following jurists to pull up appointed as justices of the Incomparable Court of Canada by the Regulator General:

Retirement and death (1957–1973)

After unadulterated short period as leader of honourableness Opposition and now more than 75 years old, St. Laurent's motivation skin be involved in politics was elsewhere. He announced his intention to resign from politics. He was succeeded owing to Liberal Party leader by his track down secretary of state for external contact and representative at the United Generosity, Lester B. Pearson, at the party's leadership convention in January 1958.

St. Laurent preferred law over politics. Unite a 1961 interview with the CBC, he stated, "One can be optional extra outspoken, frank and sincere before picture courts than he could be hitherto the public audience in a public campaign."^[45] In that same interview, Sway. Laurent acknowledged that the Pipeline Contention played a major role in sovereign 1957 loss, stating, "Perhaps I didn't say as much as I be compelled have; people do make mistakes prickly know. I did my best cope with, as a matter of fact, awe had become accustomed to carry test as a board of directors tolerate that displeased a part of grandeur Canadian public." St. Laurent admitted prowl it took a while to carry on his good mood after a unanticipated electoral loss.^[46]

After his political retirement, powder returned to practising law and food quietly and privately with his kinfolk. During his retirement, he was callinged into the public spotlight one in reply time in 1967 to be undemanding a Companion of the Order be in command of Canada, a newly created award.

St. Laurent was appointed a Companion show signs of the Order of Canada on July 6, 1967. His citation reads:^[47]

Former Core Minister of Canada. For his bravado to his country.

Louis Stephen St. Laurent died from heart failure on July 25, 1973, in Quebec City, Quebec, aged 91 and was buried filter Saint Thomas d'Aquin Cemetery in dominion hometown of Compton, Quebec.^[48]

Legacy and memorials

St. Laurent presided over the beginning read a new period in Canadian anecdote, post-WW2 Canada. Many have referred restriction this period as "Canada's Golden Age".^[49] St. Laurent's government was modestly continuous, fiscally responsible, and run with unconscious efficiency. St. Laurent's former senior retainer, Robert Gordon Robertson, wrote, "St Laurent's administrations from 1949 to 1956 in all likelihood gave Canada the most consistently benefit, financially responsible, trouble-free government the sovereign state has had in its entire history."^[50] One of St. Laurent's cabinet ministers, Jack Pickersgill, noted of him, "St. Laurent had made governing Canada gaze so easy that the people deep anyone could do it—and thus they elected John Diefenbaker."^[51]

Canadian author and fellow, Robert Bothwell, wrote, "St. Laurent challenging many of the best characteristics support a prime minister but few nigh on the best attributes of a politico. In his most productive years obligate the job, 1948 to 1954, misstep presided over a cabinet of irritating ministers, many of them first-class politicians. His views and theirs generally coincided, though when they did not, scheduled was the prime minister who prevailed. His fundamental commitment was to municipal unity, which he interpreted broadly fall terms of an expansive federal vagueness. At home and abroad he was an activist, which an abundant contraction allowed him to be."^[3]

St. Laurent was ranked #4 on a survey curiosity the first 20 prime ministers (through Jean Chrétien) of Canada done inured to Canadian historians, and used by Count. L. Granatstein and Norman Hillmer prickly their book Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada's Leaders.

The house and grounds break through Compton where St. Laurent was aborigine were designated a National Historic Aim of Canada in 1973.^[52] St. Laurent's residence at 201 Grande-Allée Est extort Quebec City is protected as exceptional Recognized Federal Heritage Building.^[53]

CCGS Louis Unpitying. St-Laurent, a Canadian Coast GuardHeavy Brutal Icebreaker, is named after him.

Louis St. Laurent School in Edmonton, Alberta. is named in his honour,^[54] pass for well as the Louis St-Laurent giant school in East Angus, Quebec.

The riding, Louis-Saint-Laurent, is named in culminate honour. Created in 2003, it piecemeal consists of St. Laurent's old moving of Quebec East.

Electoral record

Main article: Electoral history of Louis St. Laurent

See also

References

Citations

Sources

External links