Dame barbara hepworth biography of christopher

Biography

Life and Work by Alan Bowness practical a comprehensive overview in 2,500 words

Chronology

1903

Born 10 January in Wakefield, Yorkshire, say publicly eldest child of Herbert and Gertrude (née Johnson) Hepworth. Her father remains a civil engineer for the Westbound Riding County Council, who in 1921 became County Surveyor. As a miss, Hepworth accompanies him on the motor journeys he makes all over probity West Riding of Yorkshire in say publicly course of his work.

1909–20

Attends Wakefield Girls' High School. Music scholarship, 1915. Hasten Scholarship, 1917. Summer holidays at Thrush Hood's Bay, near Whitby, North Yorkshire.

1920–21

Leeds School of Art; Henry Moore task a fellow student.

1921–24

Studies sculpture at say publicly Royal College of Art, London. Cheap with Moore and other students drowsy the College, makes occasional trips die Paris. Awarded the diploma of character Royal College of Art in primacy summer of 1923; stays on prominence extra year to compete for interpretation Prix de Rome (John Skeaping remains the winner).

1924

Awarded a West Travelling Scholarship for one year's travel near. October, Hepworth travels to Italy. Household in Florence, she spends the extreme months studying Romanesque and early Refreshment art and architecture in Tuscany. Nov, short visit to Rome.

1925

In Siena, February–March. Marries sculptor John Skeaping in representation Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, in May. They stay in Florence for three months, then live at the British Faculty in Rome, where Skeaping is wonderful Rome Scholar in Sculpture, until Nov 1926. Hepworth learns to carve statue from the master-carver Giovanni Ardini. Visits Carrara.

1926

November, Hepworth and Skeaping return join forces with London due to Skeaping's ill-health.

1927

Studio exhibition with Skeaping at their bedsitter in St Ann's Terrace, St John's Wood, in December. The collector Martyr Eumorfopoulos buys Seated Figure and Mother and Child.

1928

January, Hepworth and Skeaping wear to 7 The Mall, Parkhill Household, Hampstead. Hepworth would remain in that studio until 1939. June, exhibition crash into the Beaux Arts Gallery, London, communal with John Skeaping and William Morgan.

1929

3 August, birth of son, Paul Skeaping.

1930

October–November, joint exhibition with John Skeaping at Arthur Tooth & Sons' Galleries, London

1931

Meets the painter Ben Nicholson. Summer holiday at Happisburgh on honourableness Norfolk coast with Skeaping, Nicholson, Speechifier and Irina Moore, Ivon Hitchens. Disunion from Skeaping (they are divorced stress March 1933).

1932

Shows with the Sevener and Five Society; Hepworth is systematic member until the group is dissolved in 1935. Spring, Ben Nicholson begins to live and work with Sculpturer in the Mall studio. Hepworth avoid Nicholson seriously consider moving to Town. August, short visit to Dieppe strip off Nicholson. November–December, shared exhibition with Nicholson at Arthur Tooth & Sons' Galleries, London (catalogue foreword on Hepworth shy Herbert Read). Hepworth's first holed group, Pierced Form, probably carved in 1932, is exhibited there with the reputation Abstraction (it was subsequently destroyed check the war).

1933

In France with Nicholson in April, Hepworth meets Brancusi resort to his studio in Paris, visits Arp's studio at Meudon (Arp himself deference absent) and travels to Avignon most important Saint-Rémy-de-Provence; on their return, they come again Picasso in his Paris studio. Freely permitted by Herbin to become a contributor of the Paris-based group Abstraction-Création, farm which Hepworth exhibits in 1934. Sep, short visit to Dieppe with Nicholson to see Braque at nearby Varengeville.
October–November, shared exhibition with Ben Nicholson at Alex. Reid & Lefevre Company, London.

1934

April, exhibition of the group Section One, of which both Hepworth brook Nicholson are members, at the Politician Gallery, London. This coincides with probity publication of Unit One: the Different Movement in English Architecture, Painting president Sculpture, edited by Herbert Read. Sculptor contributes a statement to the retain. The exhibition travels to Liverpool, Metropolis, Hanley, Derby, Swansea and Belfast. Oct 3, birth of triplets, Simon, Wife and Sarah Hepworth-Nicholson.

1935

In Paris middle January, meets Mondrian and Kandinsky. Cruise to Luzern with Nicholson in Feb for the opening of the carnival Thèse Antithèse Synthèse. Meets Naum Gabo. October, final '7 & 5' county show at Zwemmer Gallery, London. Begins carry out contribute works to anti-fascist exhibitions.

1936

Abstract & Concrete exhibition opens in Oxford inconvenience February. It includes the work type Mondrian, Kandinsky, Arp, Giacometti, Miró, Sculpturer, Moholy-Nagy, Hélion, Nicholson, Hepworth, Moore swallow Gabo and travels to Liverpool, Metropolis, London (Alex. Reid & Lefevre Ltd) and Cambridge. Meets Arp in Writer on the occasion of the Universal Surrealist exhibition. The Museum of Novel Art, New York, acquires its leading Hepworth, Discs in Echelon (1935, darkwood). Friendship with Moholy-Nagy, Gropius, Erni, Ozenfant.

1937

Publication of Circle: International Survey of Practical Art, edited by the architect J.L. Martin, Ben Nicholson and the carver Naum Gabo, and designed by Sculpturer and Sadie Martin. Hepworth's text Sculpture is included in it. Publication mention Circle coincides with the exhibition Constructive Art at the London Gallery. July–August, short holiday with Nicholson in Varengeville, near Dieppe, at the invitation remove Alexander Calder; they see Braque title Miró there. October, first one-person event held at Alex. Reid & Lefevre, London (catalogue introduction by the physicist J.D. Bernal).

1938

April, shows in the Abstract Art exhibition at the Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam. September, Mondrian arrives in London: Nicholson and Hepworth help him pin down find a room near them birdcage Parkhill Road, where he stays in the balance his departure for New York deduce 1940. Marriage to Ben Nicholson just the thing November, following his divorce from wreath first wife, Winifred. At this every time, Hepworth is interested in ideas asset large-scale works: her first large embellishment is Monumental Stele, 1936. The Project (Monument to the Spanish War) (1938–9, wood, 178 cm, destroyed in war) reflects her commitment to the Egalitarian cause.

1939

Participates in the exhibitions Living Pour out in England at the London Heading and Abstract and Concrete Art split Guggenheim Jeune, London. Just before honesty outbreak of war, on 25 Esteemed, Hepworth and Nicholson arrive in Low-priced Ives, Cornwall, with their triplets, monkey the invitation of Adrian Stokes mushroom his wife Margaret Mellis. Naum unthinkable Miriam Gabo soon join them, unthinkable stay until 1946. After Christmas, integrity Hepworth-Nicholson family moves to Dunluce, clean nearby house in Carbis Bay. Encumber these cramped conditions, and with various time to work, Hepworth draws duct makes plaster sculptures at night. 1 to make major work until 1943.

1940

In November, bombs damage the Mall works class, destroying works left there.

1942

Exhibits in New Movements in Art at the Writer Museum, March–May. Hepworth, Nicholson and their family move to a larger give you an idea about, Chy-an-Kerris, Carbis Bay, in July. Sculptor has a studio there and gather together carve in the garden.

1943

First showing exhibition, held at Temple Newsam, City, April–June. Kathleen Raine's Stone and Flower: Poems 1935–43 is published with drawings by Hepworth.

1944

February–April, exhibition at Wakefield Throw away Art Gallery, travelling to Halifax.

1946

Exhibition at the Lefevre Gallery, London, limit October. William Gibson's Barbara Hepworth: Sculptress is published by Faber and Faber. Hepworth's Approach to Sculpture is obtainable in the review Studio in October.

1947

Begins to draw operations in hospitals. Begets maquettes for four sculptures on primacy new Waterloo Bridge in London, get the message a limited competition organised by depiction London County Council (no commissions were given). Shows at the second Couch des Réalités Nouvelles in Paris.

1948

April, circus of paintings at the Lefevre Drift, London. Shows at first Open Put right Exhibition of Sculpture in Battersea Extra, London, May–September.

1949

September, Hepworth buys Trewyn Flat in St Ives, where she lives permanently from December 1950 until spread death (it is now the Barbara Hepworth Museum, opened by her kinfolk in 1976 and since 1980 more than ever outpost of the Tate Gallery). Carnival at Durlacher Bros., New York, block October. Founder member of the Penwith Society of Arts in Cornwall. Origin of friendship with South African-born framer Priaulx Rainier. Takes on permanent pirate for the first time – honesty artists Denis Mitchell, John Wells forward Terry Frost are the earliest living example these.

1950

Exhibition New Sculpure and Drawings get ahead of Barbara Hepworth at the Lefevre Crowd in February. Shows in the Country Pavilion at the XXV Venice Biennale: Hepworth visits Venice in June apply for the opening. The Tate Gallery acquires its first Hepworth sculpture, Bicentric Form, 1949.

1951

At the Festival of Britain, Hepworth's sculptures Contrapuntal Forms (an Arts Meeting commission) and Turning Forms are shown on London's South Bank. Exhibits mess the open air sculpture exhibition dilemma Battersea Park, May–September. Designs sets sit costumes for Sophocles' Electra, directed provoke Michel St. Denis at the Elderly Vic Theatre, London. Retrospective at Wakefield City Art Gallery, travelling to Royalty and Manchester. Vertical Forms commissioned assistance Hatfield Technical College, Hertfordshire. Marriage act upon Ben Nicholson dissolved in October.

1952

Publication depict major monograph Barbara Hepworth: Carvings stomach Drawings, with an introduction by Musician Read and statements by the graphic designer. Exhibition at the Lefevre Gallery, Writer, in October.

1953

13 February, death jump at son Paul in RAF plane detonation over Thailand. Awarded a second reward in Unknown Political Prisoner competition, organized by the Institute of Contemporary Art school. Carves Monolith (Empyrean) as a to Paul and his navigator. Sited outside the Festival Hall in 1954 and acquired by the London District Council in 1959 (at Kenwood owing to 1961). The St Ives Festival, past its best which Hepworth and the composers Archangel Tippett and Priaulx Rainier are co-founders, is held in June. Film Figures in a Landscape: Cornwall and leadership Sculpture of Barbara Hepworth made hard Dudley Shaw Ashton for the Nation Film Institute, with music by Priaulx Rainier.

1954

April–June, major retrospective at the Whitechapel Art Gallery, London. Madonna and Child, carved in memory of her foetus Paul, is unveiled in St Throng Parish Church. In August, visits Ellas with her friend and patron, Margaret Gardiner (Athens, Epidauros, Mycenae, Delphi, Dependable, Rhodes, Cos, Patmos, Delos, Santorini). Receives a large consignment of guarea woods from Nigeria.

1955

January, first performances of Archangel Tippett's opera The Midsummer Marriage advocate the Royal Opera House, with sets and costumes by Hepworth.

1955–7

Exhibition organised incite Martha Jackson opens at the Footslogger Art Center, Minneapolis; travels to Nebraska, San Francisco, Buffalo, Toronto, Montreal, Metropolis, Washington D.C. and, with additions, decency Martha Jackson Gallery in New Dynasty, December 1956–January 1957.

1956

First one-person exhibition disparage Gimpel Fils in London in June. Begins to work in sheet metallic and bronze. Orpheus (Theme on Electronics) commissioned for Mullard House, London.

1958

Created C.B.E. in New Year's Honours List. Peak abundance Nicholson leaves St Ives for Schweiz. Exhibition at Gimpel Fils, London, counter June. Major bronze sculpture Meridian authorized for State House, London.

1959

Exhibition organised get ahead of the British Council opens at prestige fifth São Paulo Bienal in September: Hepworth is awarded the major cherish. The exhibition travels throughout South U.s.a. in 1960. Visits New York get as far as the first time in October reserve her exhibition at the Galerie Chalette. To Paris to complete work leave Meridian, which is being cast incite Susse Frères. Begins to work reduce the Morris Singer foundry in London.

1960

Meridian is unveiled at State House, Holborn, London, in March (4.6 m high; now at PepsiCo Headquarters, Purchase, Another York State). October, to Zurich work her exhibition at the Galerie River Lienhard.

1961

February, acquires the Palais wager on Danse, a former cinema and diploma hall, opposite Trewyn Studio for subject as a workshop, especially for make a face to be cast in bronze, contemporary as a store and display gap. Barbara Hepworth: Life and Work available, with a text by J. Holder. Hodin and a catalogue of birth sculptures compiled by her son-in-law Alan Bowness. BBC television film Barbara Hepworth directed by John Read. Exhibition impinge on Gimpel Fils, London, May–June.

1962

May–June, second county show at the Whitechapel Art Gallery, Author, of work made between 1952 status 1962.

1963

Winged Figure is unveiled on rank John Lewis department store, Oxford Road, London (commissioned 1961, aluminium, 5.8 classification high). Hepworth wins the Foreign Minister's Award at the 7th Tokyo Biennale. Michael Shepherd's monograph, Barbara Hepworth, even-handed published. Exhibition in Zurich at representation Gimpel Hanover Galerie, November–January 1964.

1964

June, Hepworth attends the unveiling of high-mindedness monumental Single Form at the Combined Nations Secretariat in New York, endorsed in memory of her friend Flap Hammarskjöld, Secretary General of the Banded together Nations, who had been killed fall 1961. Exhibition at Gimpel Fils, Writer, in June. Visits Copenhagen in Sep for the opening of her display organised by the British Council; middleoftheroad travels throughout Scandinavia.

1965

May, attends opening of her retrospective exhibition behave the Rietveld Pavilion, Rijksmuseum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo, Netherlands. Made a Dame Commander be more or less the British Empire. Appointed a Champion of the Tate Gallery (until 1972), the first female trustee. Cancer comment the tongue is diagnosed; Hepworth enquiry treated at Westminster Hospital, London.

1966

Barbara Hepworth: Drawings from a Sculptor's Landscape is published, with Hepworth's text A Sculptor's Landscape and an introduction give out the drawings by Alan Bowness. Exhibitions at Marlborough-Gerson Gallery, New York, refuse at Gimpel Fils, London.

1967

Breaks femur be sure about Scilly Isles in June: this was to cause her lasting mobility weight. Film made on Hepworth by West Television.

1968

Major retrospective exhibition at the Hardship Gallery, London, April–May. A.M. Hammacher's Barbara Hepworth is published by Thames current Hudson (revised edition, 1987). Receives optional degree from Oxford University in June.
Made a Bard of Cornwall rephrase a ceremony at St Just-in-Penwith kick up a fuss September: takes the bardic name constantly 'Gravyor' ('sculptor' in Cornish). Honorary Confines of the Borough of St Composer conferred on Hepworth and her familiar the potter Bernard Leach, accompanied next to exhibitions of their work in rendering town.

1970

Barbara Hepworth: A Pictorial Autobiography available. The Family of Man, a senior nine-part bronze, is completed. Exhibition shakeup Marlborough Fine Art, London, in February–March. Exhibition at the Hakone Open-Air Museum, Japan, June–September. Awarded Grand Prix strike Salon International de la Femme, Lovely.

1971

The Complete Sculpture of Barbara Sculpturer 1960–69, edited by Alan Bowness, enquiry published. Hepworth creates three important assemblys of prints between 1969 and 1971, culminating in The Aegean Suite, spruce set of nine lithographs published uninviting Curwen Prints in 1971.

1972

Theme and Variations, a three-part bronze relief, is undraped on façade of Cheltenham & City Building Society Head Office in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire. Exhibition at Marlborough Fine Go, London, in April–May, including The Stock of Man .

1973

Hepworth celebrates accumulate 70th birthday in St Ives. Determine Honorary Member of the American Establishment of Arts and Letters.

1974

Exhibition at Marlborough Gallery, New York, in March–April.

1975

20 Can, Hepworth dies in an accidental flame at Trewyn Studio, aged 72.

Sophie Bowness

Note: This chronology is partly derived overrun that compiled by the artist yourself and used in her late catalogues.

Hepworth as a baby with her parents, paternal grandmother and paternal great-grandmother

Hepworth ancient 10 at school

In Paris with Chemist Moore (centre) and Edna Ginesi (left), 1922

At the Royal College atlas Art, aged 18

In Siena, 1924

With Bathroom Skeaping at the British School hutch Rome

With her son Paul, 1929

Hepworth engraving Head, 1930

Happisburgh, Norfolk, September 1931. left to right: Ivon Hitchens, Irina Moore, Henry Moore, Barbara Hepworth, Mountain Nicholson, Mary Jenkins. Photograph by Politician Jenkins

Ben Nicholson at Happisburgh, 1931. Characterization by Hepworth

Hepworth's sculpture studio at 7 The Mall, Summer 1933. Photograph make wet Paul Laib (courtesy Witt Library, Courtauld Institute of Art, London)

In the Miserable, 1933. Photograph Paul Laib (courtesy Witt Library, Courtauld Institute of Art, London)

The triplets, Simon, Rachel and Sarah, 1937. Photograph by Hepworth

Hepworth in the Little studio, c. 1938. Photograph by Hans Erni

Hepworth carving, 1949

Hepworth carving Pendour bogus Chy-an-Kerris, Carbis Bay, 1947. Photograph maybe taken by Ben Nicholson

Hepworth with The Cosdon Head, 1949. Photograph by Hans Wild

Contrapuntal Forms on London's South Cant during the Festival of Britain, 1951

Hepworth with Figure (Churinga), 1952

Hepworth at cobble together Whitechapel exhibition, 1954, with Monolith (Empyrean)

Madonna and Child, Bianco del Mare, 1954 (BH 193), St Ives Parish Church

Hepworth in the garden at Trewyn Workshop, 1957. Photograph Studio St Ives

Hepworth execute Trewyn Studio, St Ives, 1958. Picture by Michel Ramon

Hepworth in Trewyn manoeuvre with Cantate Domino (BH 244), byword. 1958

Interior of Trewyn Studio, January 1959

Hepworth outside the workshops at Trewyn, June 1960

Hepworth with the plaster of Garden Sculpture (Model for Meridian) (BH 246) in the garden at Trewyn, June 1960

Hepworth with Coré (plaster for bronze), c. 1960

Hepworth in the Palais slither Danse, St Ives, March 1961

Hepworth free (BH 263) in Trewyn garden, 1961. Photograph by Rosemary Mathews

Hepworth carving take on the Palais de Danse, 1961. Portraiture by Rosemary Mathews

Hepworth with Curved Cookie-cutter Form (Rosewall) (BH 291) at Trewyn, 1961. Photograph by Ida Kar

Hepworth heroic act work on the armature of unadorned sculpture in the Palais de Danse, 1961. 2 photographs by Ida Kar

Hepworth drawing on Rosewall, above St Grade (from John Read's BBC Television pick up Barbara Hepworth, 1961)

Winged Figure tolerance the John Lewis Building, Oxford Path, London, 1963

Whitechapel Art Gallery retrospective, Could 1962, with Curved Reclining Form (Rosewall)

Hepworth in the Palais studio in 1963 with unfinished wood carving Hollow Transformation with White Interior (BH 328). 2 photographs by Val Wilmer

Hepworth in distinction Palais studio in 1963 at crack on Oval Form (Trezion) (BH 304). 2 photographs by Val Wilmer

Hepworth constitute plaster of Sphere with Inner Form (BH 333) in the Palais, 1963

Hepworth outside her studios, 1964. Photograph dampen Paul Schutzer

At work on plasters shoulder the Palais de Danse, April 1964. Photograph by Paul Schutzer

Hepworth working enclose the armature of the United Generosity Single Form in the Palais prop Danse, January 1963

Unveiling ceremony for Single Form, United Nations Secretariat, New Dynasty, 11 June 1964. Hepworth is be positioned behind the podium

Single Form at excellence United Nations Secretariat, New York, 11 June 1964

Hepworth on the harbour, Enclose Ives, May 1964. Photograph by Satisfaction Sheldrake. Courtesy of the St Composer Trust Archive Study Centre

In the Palais de Danse, November 1964. Photograph stop Lucien Myers

View of the Hepworth showing at the Rietveld Pavilion in interpretation Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo, 1965, with Sphere with Inner Form (BH 333) sophisticated the foreground

Hepworth with Three Forms Steep (Offering), 1967

Figure for Landscape, 1960 (BH 287). Photographed on the steps fairhaired the Tate Gallery, London, during Hepworth's 1968 Tate retrospective

Hepworth outside the workshops at Trewyn, 1968. Photograph by Tool Kinnear

Hepworth in July 1972, St Type. Photograph by Peter Kinnear

Carving tools

Barbara Sculpturer Museum, St Ives, two views delineate the interior taken in 1976