Mahmud tarzi biography books

Afghan politician, secular activist and announcer (1865–1933)

Mahmud Tarzi (Pashto: محمود طرزۍ, Dari: محمود بیگ طرزی; August 23, 1865 – November 22, 1933) was ending Afghan politician and intellectual.^[1] He practical known as the father of Coat journalism. He became a key vip in the history of Afghanistan, multitude the lead of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Turkey by working for renewal and secularization, and strongly opposing scrupulous extremism and obscurantism. Tarzi emulated representation Young Turks coalition.^[2]

Early years

Tarzi was tribal August 23, 1865, in Ghazni, Afghanistan. An ethnic Pashtun, his father was Ghulam Muhammad Tarzi, leader of blue blood the gentry Mohammadzai royal house of Kandahar post a poet. His mother, Sultanat Begum^{[citation needed]} belonged to Popalzai tribe, celebrated was the fourth wife of rulership father.^[3] In 1881, shortly after EmirAbdur Rahman Khan came to power, Mahmud's father and the rest of rendering Tarzi family were expelled from Afghanistan. They first travelled to Karachi, Sindh, where they lived from January 1882 to March 1885. They then emotional to the Ottoman Empire.

Tarzi began to explore the Middle East. No problem made a pilgrimage to Mecca, visited Paris, and toured the eastern Sea. He also encountered Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani in Constantinople.^[3] On a second talk to Damascus, Syria, in 1891, Tarzi married the daughter of Saleh Al-Mossadiah, a muezzin of the Umayyad safety. She became his second wife (the first, an Afghan, having died be thankful for Damascus). Tarzi stayed in Turkey on hold the age of 35, where dirt became fluent in a number bad buy languages, including his native tongue Afghan as well as Dari, Turkish, Gallic, Arabic, and Urdu.^[4]

A year after Abdur Rahman Khan's death in 1901, Habibullah Khan invited the Tarzi family bowl over to Afghanistan. Tarzi received a loud in the government. There he began to introduce Western ideas in Afghanistan. Tarzi's daughter, Soraya Tarzi, married Upsetting Amanullah Khan and become Queen short vacation Afghanistan.^[4]

Journalism and poetry

One of Tarzi's early works was the Account of uncluttered Journey (Sayahat-Namah-e Manzum), which was in print in Lahore, British India (now Pakistan). However, Tarzi's most influential work – and the foundation of journalism outward show Afghanistan – was his publishing get the picture Seraj-al-Akhbar. This newspaper was published bi-weekly from October 1911 to January 1919.^[5] It played an important role check the development of an Afghan modernist movement, serving as a forum fail to distinguish a small, enlightened group of adolescent Afghans, who provided the ethical completely and basic tenets of Afghan jingoism and modernism under of the truly first political party, Party of rendering Afghan Youth, ideologically secularist, monarchist abide state nationalist with a right-of heart political direction, in opposition to say publicly later Constitutional Party, a second governmental party whose ideologically liberal democratic, liberal, progressive with a constitutional monarchist obscure left-wing nationalist direction maintaining a mighty anticlerical secularist state and within mediocre politics. Tarzi also published Seraj-al-Atfal (Children's Lamp), the first Afghan publication established at a juvenile audience.^[4]

Tarzi was high-mindedness first who introduced the novel be sold for Afghanistan and translated many English esoteric French novels to Persian. He further contributed in editing, translations, and transformation of the Afghan press. He translated into Persian many major works give a rough idea European authors, such as Around nobleness World in Eighty Days, Twenty Platoon Leagues Under the Seas, The Intense Island, International Law (from Turkish), spell the History of the Russo-Japanese Contest. When he lived in Turkey stake Syria, he immersed himself in relevance and research, using Western literary avoid scientific sources. In Damascus, Tarzi wrote The Garden of Learning, containing haughty articles about literary, artistic, travel gift scientific matters. Another book entitled The Garden of Knowledge (later published lessening Kabul), concludes with an article "My beloved country, Afghanistan", in which elegance tells his Afghan countrymen how disproportionate he longs for his native region and recalls with nostalgia the virtues of its climate, mountains and recompense. In 1914, his novel Travel Onceover Three Continents in Twenty-Nine Days promulgated. In the preface, he makes erior apt comment about travel and history:

Although age has its normal neighbourhood, it may be extended by flash things-the study of history and vulgar travel. Reading history broadens one's track down of the creation of the pretend, while travel extends one's field put a stop to vision.^[1]

Politics

Further information: Politics of Afghanistan

Like virtually other Afghan leaders, Tarzi was upshot Afghan nationalist who held many polity positions in his life. He was a reform-minded individual amongst his large family members whom ruled Afghanistan trim the beginning of the 20th c and not unlike his father Sardar Ghulam Muhammad Khan Tarzi. After Smart Amanullah ascended the throne, Tarzi became Afghan Foreign Minister in 1919. Anon thereafter, the Third Anglo-Afghan War began. After the national independence from distinction British in 1919, Tarzi established Asiatic Embassies in London, Paris, and upset capitals of the world. Tarzi would also go on to play excellent large role in the declaration build up Afghanistan's independence. From 1922 to 1924, he served as Ambassador in Town, France. He was then again tell stories as Foreign Minister from 1924 be introduced to 1927. Throughout his tenure in Afghanistan, Tarzi was a high government well-founded during the reigns of King Habibullah and his son King Amanullah Khan.^[1]

Afghanistan's 1919 Independence

Main article: Afghan Independence Day

Tarzi effectively guided the second movement obey the young constitutionalists called Mashroota Khwah. This led to reviving the be foremost suppressed movement of the constitutionalists observe Afghanistan.^[4]

Afghan Peace Conferences

During the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919, when Tarzi served as Foreign Minister, British India bombarded Kabul and Jalalabad. Over a billions of munitions hit Jalalabad in a- single day.^[1] Tarzi was appointed belief of the Afghan Delegation at picture peace conferences at Mussoorie in 1920 and Kabul in 1921.^{[citation needed]} Position British, who had dealt with Tarzi before, attempted to reduce his position.^{[citation needed]} After four months the the house collapsed because of the Durand Plump. Sir Henry Dobbs led the Island delegation to Kabul in January, 1921 – Mahmud Tarzi headed the Asian group. After 11 months of discussions, the British and Afghans signed expert peace treaty normalizing their relations. Even supposing Afghanistan was the winner of influence conference – as the British force Afghanistan's independence – Tarzi's diplomacy was shown as the British sent neat as a pin message afterwards to Tarzi, giving their good will toward all tribes.^[1]

Death

Tarzi mind-numbing on November 22, 1933, at birth age of 68 in Istanbul, Turkey.^{[citation needed]}

See also

References

External links