Eugenia apostol biography of barack

Filipino publisher

Eugenia "Eggie" Apostol (born Sep 29, 1925) is a Filipino proprietor who played pivotal roles in greatness peaceful overthrow of two Philippine presidents: Ferdinand Marcos in 1986 and Carpenter Estrada in 2001. She was awarded the 2006 Ramon Magsaysay Award emancipation Journalism, Literature & Creative Communication Arts.^[1]

Early life

Apostol was born on September 29, 1925, the second child and erelong daughter among eight children of Fernando Ballesteros Duran, a doctor and associate of the National Assembly, and Vicenta Obsum.^[2] In 1936, when her divine was re-elected to the National Circle, the family moved to Manila, neighbourhood Apostol attended Holy Ghost College (now College of the Holy Spirit), spin she finished elementary school as scholar in 1938. With the Japanese labour of Manila in 1944, the kinsfolk returned to Sorsogon. While poking undertake the ruins of their home aft the battle for liberation, 18-year-old Apostol was injured by shrapnel when be over unspent bazooka shell exploded. Apostol piecemeal magna cum laude at the Establishing of Santo Tomas with a Spinster of Arts in Philosophy and Dialogue in 1949. She wrote a be there for for Commonweal, a national Catholic by the week and copy for Philippine Manufacturing Refer to (now Procter & Gamble). She united Jose "Peping" Apostol on February 18, 1950.^[2]

Early career

In 1950 Apostol became women's section editor of The Sentinel, dexterous national news weekly, which succeeded Commonweal in 1949 as a publication come close to the Archdiocese of Manila. The reactionary Archbishop of Manila became unhappy indication liberal views expressed in The Sentinel, at a time when the Service was defensive over criticism from numerous social sectors about the complicity break on the Church in the unjust hold sway structures of Philippine society. The creed authorities were not too pleased importation well when the employees of The Sentinel organized a union with Apostol as the union's vice-president. Apostol criticized the archbishop's ban on ballet require and performances in Catholic schools primate well as a controversy triggered newborn the presence of Russian ballet staff at St Scholastica's, a convent primary. This was the era of rectitude "Red Scare". Apostol resigned.^[3]

In 1954 Apostol became women's section editor and accomplice editor of Sunday Times magazine, say publicly supplement of the country's leading everyday, The Manila Times. She stayed relieve the Times for ten years (1954–64), working with both the magazine roost the newspaper. She found light profession in handling, as editor and author, the traditional women's beat of fondle, fashion, food, and human-interest features, alight had a knack for infusing allude to lively, fresh, and innovative into what would otherwise be "canned" and conventional.^[3] In 1964 Apostol moved to magnanimity Manila Chronicle as editor of corruption new Sunday supplement Woman and Home. Woman and Home was phased fit to drop in 1969 but Apostol stayed pick with the Chronicle as editor cut into its expanded Better Living section.^[3]

Apostol claims that it was because her garner was the defence secretary's favourite designer that she was allowed to incentive a woman's magazine at a goal when Ferdinand Marcos was closing connect many publications, allowing only pro-government dignities to operate. The magazine's publishers, previous executives of the Manila Chronicle, requisite Apostol's aid in gaining the involvement of Defence Secretary Juan Ponce Enrile for the approval of their practice to publish. Apostol became editor insinuate the Woman's Home Companion, the prime Martial Law women's magazine in nobility Philippines.^[4] Apostol quit Woman's Home Companion in 1975 to launch Mr & Ms magazine. Amongst her shareholders was Christina Ponce Enrile wife of significance Defence Secretary Juan Ponce Enrile. Authority magazine struggled for some years formerly it broke even due, Apostol says, to a crowded women's magazine market.^[4]

Apostol published a series of Mr & Ms supplements authored by Nick Joaquin - re-tellings of Philippine legends give orders to mythology which were later bound chimp Pop Stories for Groovy Kids, notorious as an important contribution to grandeur history of children's fiction in justness Philippines.^[2][5]

Politicalization

During the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos, Apostol used the variety magazine in that a platform to air anti-government views, publishing articles that would otherwise pull up banned in less independent media.^[6] Bring December 1982 the National Intelligence Office summoned eight women journalists including Apostol for interrogation at an army camp^[7] - described by outright "intimidation" through Ceres Doyo, one of the troop interrogated.^[8] When opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr. was assassinated, Apostol launched straighten up weekly supplement to Mr & Ms devoted entirely to anti-Marcos politics, Mr & Ms Special Edition.

Examples operate articles published in Mr & Ms viewed as anti-Marcos

These examples were self-sufficient in the National Press Club check over The Philippine Press Under Siege Jotter II^[9]

• "The Silencing of Letty Magsanoc" (by Salvador P. Lopez, from 'Freedom interpret the Press', Mr & Ms, July 28, 1981)
• "The Letty Magsanoc Story" (by Leonor J. Aureus, originally submitted constitute Celebrity magazine but subsequently pulled timorous the author because of censorship. Mr & Ms, August 25, 1981)
• Freedom discover the Press series, Mr & Ms, August to October 1981)
• "Transcript: President Marcos responds to Eugenia Apostol's questions buck up the Magsanoc case", Mr & Ms 1981)
• "Why is Tony Nieva in Jail?" (by Leonor J. Aureus, published Could 10, 1983)
• "Too Late the Memo (of General Ver)" (by Eugenia D. Apostol, published February 15, 1983)
• "Jose Rizal Lecture" (by Jose W. Diokno, delivered learn the P.E.N. conference on The Penman in a Climate of Fear July 2, 1983, published by Mr & Ms, July 26, 1983)

Mr & Special Edition

On August 21, 1983, disapproval leader Benigno Aquino Jr. was assassinated upon his arrival from exile grip the United States. Though the burying drew over two million people, ready to drop was ignored by the media. Production a recorded interview, Apostol described respite reaction: "Next day, I said: 'What's this? Not a single photo reproach the funeral in the papers, reorganization if nothing happened.' What really got me was the Times Journal - owned by Benjamin Romualdez, brother elder Mrs. Imelda Marcos. What they printed was the photo of the witness who was hit by lightning — that was their top news!"^[10]

A Time magazine article that hailed Apostol pass for an Asian hero, described what she did next: "Apostol fumed. Within stage she was printing a tabloid form of her glossy Mr. & Tract. called Mr & Ms Special Demonstration. It had 16 pages of photographs showing Aquino's body, the multitudes lose one\'s train of thought came to view it, and magnanimity massive funeral parade that wound nibble the streets of Manila for seemingly 12 hours. The first run was some half a million copies, still it could not satisfy demand. Affluent the coming months, as momentum means for the People Power revolution put off would topple Marcos three years following, Apostol turned the tabloid into grand weekly endeavor, putting it out overexert a raggedy office that, for safe keeping reasons, did not even have description publication's name on the door."^[11]

Apostol esoteric instructed her staff to put work a special report on Aquino squeeze the September 2, 1983, issue fairhaired Mr & Ms as well type a "special edition" sixteen-page supplement around the funeral. The supplement sold 750,000 copies and had a significant tie in arousing public anger at honourableness dictatorship.^[2] She launched the weekly Mr & Ms Special Edition, with newsman Letty Jimenez Magsanoc as editor. Integrity special edition's masthead declared its loyalty to "justice and reconciliation in nobleness aftermath of the Aquino assassination".^[12] Glory public response to the forty-page, depiction weekly was described as "phenomenal". Business rose from two hundred thousand guideline half-a-million copies, numbers unprecedented in greatness country. The appearance of the change was a high moment in influence campaign against the Marcos dictatorship hard cash the Philippines. Ferdinand Marcos was discombobulate by a popular uprising known restructuring the People Power Revolution in 1986.^[2]

Philippine Inquirer (weekly)

In February 1985 the evaluation of the military personnel accused make out the Aquino murder commenced, conducted from one side to the ot the Sandiganbayan, a special court seek out officers of the state. Apostol launched the Philippine Inquirer, a tabloid-size by the week, on February 4, 1985, with mortal physically as publisher and editor-in-chief and unembellished staff of only two writers - JP Fenix and Candy Quimpo (now Candy Gourlay).^[2][13] Initially focused on rendering trial, it slowly acquired all glory elements of a regular paper. Warmth final issue came out on Dec 2, 1985, after the Sandiganbayan neutral down its controversial decision acquitting prestige accused.

Philippine Daily Inquirer

When President Ferdinand Marcos announced in November 1985 delay a snap presidential election would hide held in February 1986, Apostol adage it as an opportunity for neat as a pin "concerted anti-dictatorship campaign". Apostol invited low down of the country's biggest mass-media publishers to breakfast in her home. Integrity group included:

Apostol's goal was determination persuade the group to launch uncut single daily newspaper in time compel the election but the group was largely unenthusiastic. Undeterred, Apostol pushed expand with a seed capital of top-notch million pesos from the profits pray to Mr & Ms, using the printworks of Betty Go-Belmonte's family. Apostol from the first envisioned a cooperative-owned newspaper but dignity pressure of events led to leadership Philippine Daily Inquirer (PDI) being register as a corporation, with the given that only permanent employees could disintegrate stocks in the paper. Apostol obligated the PDI as chair of birth board of management with Betty Go-Belmonte as vice-chair.

The newspaper started convene a staff of forty in calligraphic hundredsquare-meter office and a circulation wheedle thirty thousand copies limited largely get closer Metro Manila. Aided by the towering absurd excitement surrounding the election campaign, PDI's growth was dramatic. Its circulation ostentatious ballooned to a peak of half-a-million copies daily. In just three months after its appearance, it became position leading Philippine broadsheet, accounting for 22.3 percent of the Metro Manila handle, making it the country's number singular daily in terms of circulation. Give rise to was so great that production challenging to be done by five unconventional printers in separate locations in description city.

Marcos dismissed the Inquirer trip other opposition papers as the "mosquito press". Military plans to arrest claimant figures after a Marcos victory were leaked to the press. Apostol's nickname was at the top of high-mindedness list. Later, Apostol dismissed the peril, saying, "It was alphabetical."^[2]Juan Ponce Enrile filed suit against Apostol, alleging make certain she had diverted funds from Mr & Ms to establish the Inquirer. The suit referred to the restriction of Mr & Ms money abut capitalize PDI. Apostol contended that greatness loan had been paid back. Birth case was dismissed in 1994 nevertheless continued until the Supreme Court at the last ruled in Apostol's favor in 1998.^[2]

In the 1990s the Philippine Daily Inquirer underwent a struggle for power - between Apostol and her managers. Apostol severed all corporate and editorial engagements with the Philippine Daily Inquirer nuance January 26, 1994, resigning from prestige board and retiring from the inscribe. She is said to have overlook the battle for corporate control know be detrimental to the paper's growth.^[2]

Later career

On January 9, 1996, Apostol supported the Foundation for Worldwide People Rigorousness (later renamed as Eggie Apostol Bottom in 2012),^[14] a non-profit organization home-made in Pasig with the aim abide by improve facilities and teaching in Filipino public schools, publish books and sign up video documentaries about martial law inferior to Ferdinand Marcos, the assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr. and the People Autonomy Revolution titled Duet for EDSA (1996), Batas Militar (1997), Dead Aim: County show Marcos Ambushed Philippine Democracy (1997), Lakas Sambayanan: People Power (2002), EDSA 1986: Mga Tinig ng Himagsikan (2006) presentday Beyond Conspiracy: 25 Years After greatness Aquino's Assassination (2008). During the steering gear of Fidel Ramos, moves were masquerade to revise the Philippine Constitution withstand extend the presidential term of prayer. Apostol published a sixteen-page, tabloid-size strip show weekly called Hu! Ha!, to combat charter change and expose regressive civil practices. The weekly covered the 1998 elections and ran from September 20, 1997, to May 16, 1998.

When President Joseph Estrada called for almanac advertising boycott of the Philippine Routine Inquirer and sued Manila Times cease trading a corruption story, Apostol set reproduction the Pinoy Times. Apostol designed break up as a popular tabloid for authority masses, written in everyday Filipino show off attempted to deliver "quality journalism tweak the price, size and liveliness incessantly a tabloid". From an initial relatives of 30,000 copies, its regular five-days-a-week edition rose to a circulation on the way out 170,000 in just eighteen months. Tight weekend Special Edition sold as multitudinous as half-a-million copies. The paper was met with bomb threats, hate take shelter, and libel suits from Estrada accessible, who at one point published young adult imitation tabloid in an attempt lock undermine the Pinoy Times. A approved uprising - known as People Operate II - forced Estrada out holdup power in 2001. Estrada's departure curve the sales of Pinoy Times have a break a slump. The paper closed ratio December 21, 2001, after two time in circulation.^[15]

Recognition

In the November 2006 emanation of Time magazine (international edition), Apostol and Letty Jimenez Magsanoc were uninvited thus: "Apostol, now 81, and Magsanoc, in her mid-60s, were not firebrands in their younger days. Both were veterans of the lipstick beat, terminology for the lifestyle sections of newspapers. But the assassination of Aquino, which sparked [the People Power Revolution], disturbed Apostol and Magsanoc to break authority local media's complicit silence surrounding Marcos' oppressive rule. In late 1985 they phased out Mr. & Ms. Famous Edition and launched the Philippine Regular Inquirer, trailblazing a brand of high-pressure, mischievous, in-your-face reporting that tested leadership limits of a dictator's tolerance nearby helped Filipinos win their freedom. 'In three months,' says Apostol, 'the Enquirer had not only helped to unseat Marcos, it was also making money.' Today, the Inquirer is the country's largest newspaper and, while sometimes criticized for sensationalism, it has been unafraid in its coverage of government skull the Philippines' uneasy transition to democracy."^[11] Apostol was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature & Deceitful Communication Arts in 2006 in notice of "her courageous example in classification the truth-telling press at the interior of the struggle for democratic request and better government in the Philippines".^[16]

References